22,March 2024
India is the biggest democratic nation in the world. After over 200 years of colonial rule, several independence movements, the Indian national movement, sectarian bloodshed, and a rich history, our Indian constitution was established on January 26, 1950. The judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government are each given specific roles and obligations outlined in the Constitution. Numerous significant provisions that outline a person's basic rights, political obligations, and processes may be found in the Indian Constitution. As a result, this essay will assist us in becoming familiar with every significant article of the Indian Constitution.
How many Articles are in the Constitution?
As there are several state and central exams that primarily covers the Indian Constitution, it becomes crucial subject for those aiming to appear such exams. A constitutional article is a series of guidelines that specify laws and regulations. These articles include topics such as individual rights, the political system, and election procedures, among other things. The Indian Constitution has 448 articles, 25 parts, 12 schedules, and 104 amendments; before to 1949, it had 395 articles divided into 22 parts. Each part's articles address a different topic related to the Constitution, including legislatures, the executive branch, sections, schedules, entities established by statute, fundamental rights, and so on.
Some Vital Articles in the Indian Constitution
Understanding all of the Indian Constitution's articles and modifications is crucial since Indian Polity is a significant topic for exam candidates. The most important articles of the Indian Constitution are listed here, along with a brief summary of each one that made up the document.
(Part 1): Article 1 - Article 4
Article 1 - Name and territory of the union
Article 2 - Admission and establishment of the new state
Article 3 - Creation of new states and modifications to the borders, territories, and names of already-existing states
(Part 2): Article 5 - Article 11
Article 5 - Citizenship at the time the constitution was written
Article 6 - Citizenship rights of an individual who immigrated to India from Pakistan
Article 10 - Maintenance of Citizenship Rights
Article 11 - Parliament should enact laws governing citizenship rights
(Part 3): Article 12 - Article 35
Article 12 - Definition of the state
Article 13 - Laws that violate or conflict with basic rights
Right to Equality: Article 14 to Article 18
Article 14 - Equality before the law
Article 15 - Proscription against discrimination based on sex, religion, caste, color, or place of birth
Article 16 - Equal access to public employment opportunities
Article 17 - Abolition of the untouchability
Article 18 - Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom: Article 19 to Article 22
Article 19 - Gives Indian citizens the assurance of their six rights.
- Freedom to assemble peacefully and without using force;
- Freedom to live and settle anywhere in India;
- Freedom of speech and expression;
- Freedom to travel without restriction;
- Freedom to organize into associations or unions;
- Freedom to engage in any kind of profession or business venture;
Article 20 - Protection from being found guilty of offenses
Article 21 - Preservation of life and individual freedom
Article 22 - Protection in some situations against arrest and incarceration
Right to Exploitation: Article 23 to Article 24
Article 23 - Human trafficking and forced labor are forbidden
Article 24 - Prohibiting minors under the age of 14 from working in mines and factories
Right to Exploitation: Article 25 to Article 28
Article 25 - Freedom of conscience as well as freedom to practice, profess, and spread religion
Article 26 - The ability to freely oversee religious matters
Article 27 - Freedom to pay taxes in order to support a specific faith
Article 28 - Not having to go to religious instruction
Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 to Article 30
Article 29 - Safeguarding minority' interests
Article 30 - Minorities' ability to create and run educational institutions
Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32
Article 32 - Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights
(Part 4): Article 36 - 51
Article 36 - Definition
Article 37 - Application of DPSP
Article 39A - Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 40 - Organization of a village panchayat
Article 41 - Right to education, to work, and to public assistance in certain cases
Article 43 - Living Wages, etc. for Workers
Article 43A - Employee participation in industry management
Article 44 - Uniform civil code (applicable in Goa only)
Article 45 - Ensuring children receive free and mandatory education
Article 46 - Advancement of the economic and educational interests of OBC, ST, and scheduled castes
Article 47 - The state's obligations to enhance public health, boost living standards, and improve nutrition
Article 48 - The management of agribusiness and animal husbandry
Article 49 - Preservation of landmarks, important sites, and natural objects
Article 50 - Division of the judicial and administrative branches of government
Article 51 - Advancement of world peace and security
(Part 5): Article 52 - 151
Article 52 - The President of India
Article 53 - Union's Executive Authority
Article 54 - Election of President
Article 61 - The process for removing the President from office
Article 63 - The Vice-president of India
Article 64 - The Vice-President will head the Council of States ex officio
Article 66 - Election of Vice-president
Article 72 - Pardoning powers of President
Article 74 - Council of ministers to aid and advise President
Article 76 - Attorney-General for India
Article 79 - Constitution of Parliament
Article 80 - Composition of Rajya Sabha
Article 81 - Composition of Lok Sabha
Article 83 - Duration of Houses of Parliament
Article 93 - The House of People's Speakers and Deputy Speakers
Article 105 - The House of Parliament's authority, privileges, etc.
Article 109 - Unique process with regard to currency notes
Article 110 - Definition of “Money Bills”
Article 112 - Annual Financial Budget
Article 114 - Appropriation Bills
Article 123 - The President's authority to issue Ordinances when Parliament is on recess
Article 124 - Establishment of Supreme Court
Article 125 - Salaries of Judges
Article 126 - The acting Chief Justice's appointment
Article 127 - Appointment of ad-hoc judges
Article 128 - Retired judge's attendance at a Supreme Court session
Article 129 - Supreme Court to be a court of Record
Article 130 - Seat of the Supreme Court
Article 136 – Special leave to file a Supreme Court appeal
Article 137 - Review of judgment or orders by the Supreme Court
Article 141 - Supreme Court rulings are enforceable by all courts
Article 148 - Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
Article 149 - Duties and Powers of CAG
(Part 6): Article 152 - 237
Article 153 - Governors of State
Article 154 - Executive Powers of Governor
Article 161 - Pardoning powers of the Governor
Article 165 - Advocate-General of the State
Article 213 - Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances
Article 214 - High Courts for states
Article 215 - High Courts to be a court of record
Article 226 - Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
Article 233 - Appointment of District judges
Article 235 - Control over Subordinate Courts
(Part 9): Article 243 – 243 O
- Article 243A - Gram Sabha
Article 243B - Constitution of Panchayats
Must Read Articles in Indian Constitution
It is not required to know every article of the Indian Constitution for several judicial competitive examinations, even if you are familiar with the ones that are mentioned above. You can review the key articles of the Indian Constitution for the Civil Services test by looking at the chart below.
| Article 12-35: | In this article, the six essential rights are covered. The rights to equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, freedom of religion, rights to culture and education, and constitutional remedies are among them. |
| Article 36-51: | The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are discussed in this section of the essay. The Irish Constitution served as the model for the DPSP idea, which was first used in the Spanish Constitution. |
| Article 51 A: | It outlines 11 essential obligations and tasks that every citizen of our nation must do. Preserving our nation's unity and integrity as well as its sovereignty are the fundamental requirements of these responsibilities. |
| Article 343: | According to this article, Hindi written in Devanagari script would be the official language of the Union. |
| Article 356: | The President of India is able to impose President's rule and suspend the state government in any state by virtue of Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. If the President determines that the state government is no longer able to operate in accordance with the Constitution, he may declare an emergency. |
| Article 370: | Jammu and Kashmir is granted a unique status under Article 370, which also grants the state the authority to write its own constitution. Barring laws pertaining to military, foreign policy, finance, or communications, the J&K government must provide its consent before any legislation is passed in the state legislature. |
| Article 395: | With the exception of the Abolition of Privy Council Jurisdiction Act of 1949, the Indian Independence Act of 1947, the Government of India Act of 1935, and any other laws that amend or add to the latter Act are thus repealed. |
Easiest Way to Memorize Important Articles of the Indian Constitution
Trick 1 - For articles on Emergency Supplies, add 4 to each item that follows.
Trick 2 - To obtain their equivalents in the States, add 90 to the following Center articles.
Trick 3 - To obtain their equivalents in the States, add 89 to the following Center articles
Trick 4 - Make acronyms or mnemonics to help you recall key items. The Indian Constitution may be easily remembered by using these simple mnemonic devices.
Trick 5 - A few simple mnemonics to help you recall the Indian Constitution's schedules:
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Indian Constitution stands as a monumental report that not only reflects the aspirations and struggles of a state however it also serves as a beacon of democracy and rights for its people. With its complicated framework comprising 448 articles, 25 parts, 12 schedules, and 104 amendments, it outlines the fundamental rights, standards, and duties that govern the nation. From making sure the sovereignty and integrity of the nation to protecting the citizen’s rights, the Constitution represents the essence of a democratic republic. As we delve into the depths of its provisions, we now not only acquire information of our obligations and rights however also reaffirm our commitment to uphold the values protected within it. Therefore, let us value and maintain the spirit of the Indian Constitution, ensuring that it stays a guiding light for generations to come.
REFERENCES
- https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/important- articles-in-constitution-india/#:~:text=There %20are%20448%20articles%20in,%2C%20 Fundamental%20Rights%2C%20and%20more.
- https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites /default/files/COI...pdf
- https://www.clearias.com/constitution-of-india/
- https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/important- articles-in-constitution-india
- https://byjus.com/ias-questions/what-are-the- parts-and-schedules-of-indian-constitution/